Which force is NOT part of Porter's 5 Forces model?

The correct identification of the force that is not part of Porter's 5 Forces model is the innovation of new products. Porter's 5 Forces framework focuses on analyzing the competitive environment of an industry by identifying five key forces that influence competition and profitability. These forces include the rivalry among existing competitors, the threat posed by new entrants to the market, the threat of substitute products that can fulfill the same need, and the bargaining power of suppliers and buyers.

While innovation is essential for businesses, particularly in adapting to market changes and achieving competitive advantages, it is not categorized as one of Porter's five forces. Instead, innovation may be viewed as a strategic response to the dynamics outlined by the model, rather than a force that actively influences competition within the framework itself. Understanding this distinction clarifies the scope and application of Porter's model in analyzing market conditions and strategic positioning.