Which of the following is NOT a form of sponsorship?

Corporate philanthropic donations are not considered a form of sponsorship because they do not typically involve a promotional relationship between the donor and the recipient. Sponsorship usually implies a two-way partnership where the sponsor provides financial or in-kind support in exchange for visibility, brand recognition, or an association with the event, individual, team, or cause being sponsored.

In the other options, official/title sponsorship refers to a company paying to be the main sponsor of an event, thus receiving prominent visibility. Event sponsorship similarly involves supporting an event with the expectation of gaining promotional benefits. Individual sponsorship involves supporting a specific person or athlete, often in exchange for promotion of the sponsor’s brand. Each of these clearly aligns with the concept of sponsorship as a marketing strategy aimed at enhancing brand image and access to target audiences.